New York — A segment on “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” intended as routine late-night satire set off an unusually sharp ripple through the political world this week, after the host trained his attention on Senator J.D. Vance of Ohio and delivered a pointed, meticulously paced critique that quickly spread across social media.

The monologue, which aired Monday night, departed from the show’s typical rhythm of quick jokes and audience banter. Mr. Kimmel, seated calmly behind his desk, played a sequence of clips featuring Mr. Vance’s past statements on a range of issues, juxtaposing them with more recent remarks. He allowed extended pauses between the clips, letting the contrast speak for itself.

“This isn’t exaggeration,” Mr. Kimmel said at one point, according to a transcript of the broadcast. “It’s just your own words.”

The studio audience responded first with laughter, then with audible surprise, and finally sustained applause — a progression that helped propel the clip beyond the confines of late-night television. Within hours, excerpts were circulating widely on X, TikTok, and Instagram, amassing millions of views and becoming a trending topic nationwide.

Political commentators quickly weighed in. Some praised the segment as an unusually effective piece of media criticism, arguing that it underscored perceived inconsistencies in Mr. Vance’s political evolution. Others accused Mr. Kimmel of blurring the line between comedy and advocacy, a criticism that has increasingly followed late-night hosts as their audiences shrink but their online reach grows.

Mr. Vance’s office declined to comment on the segment, and the senator did not immediately address it on social media. Former President Donald J. Trump, a close political ally of Mr. Vance, also made no public statement about the episode.

Privately, however, the reaction was more intense, according to people familiar with discussions among Mr. Trump’s associates. Several individuals who requested anonymity to describe internal conversations said the former president was angered by what he viewed as a personal attack on a key ally and a broader media effort to undermine figures aligned with him.

“Trump saw it as humiliating,” one person familiar with the reaction said. “Not just for Vance, but for the movement.”

Such accounts could not be independently verified, and a spokesman for Mr. Trump did not respond to a request for comment. Still, the episode highlights how even a few minutes of late-night television can reverberate far beyond entertainment, particularly in a political environment already defined by grievance and spectacle.

For Mr. Kimmel, the moment reflects an evolution in tone that has been underway for several years. Once known primarily for celebrity interviews and broad comedy, he has increasingly used his platform to engage directly with political figures, often relying less on punchlines than on documentation.

“Late-night comedy has become a form of archival journalism,” said Margaret Ellis, a media studies professor at Columbia University. “When hosts simply replay a politician’s own words, the humor comes from recognition and contradiction rather than insult.”

The viral success of the segment also underscores the changing economics of television. While traditional ratings for late-night shows have declined, individual clips can reach vastly larger audiences online, where they are consumed as political content as much as entertainment.

Whether the moment will have lasting political consequences remains unclear. Mr. Vance has weathered criticism before, and Mr. Trump has long thrived amid media confrontation. But for a brief stretch this week, a late-night desk, a stack of video clips, and a carefully measured silence were enough to dominate the national conversation — a reminder of the enduring power of television, even in an era defined by fragments and feeds.